I need a i386 kernel.
Long time ago everything changed to 64bits for the most common architectures like x86 and arm. We just don't remember i386 but sometimes we need to build an old 32bits . What I need to build an i386 (how I did it) The toolchain for the i386 Tell the kernel build system that we want an architecture different from default (which now is 64bits) That's it , in fact the linux kernel build systems is used to build several different architectures so this exercise is nothing for this beast. I'll add the commands for my OpenSuse , for other distros it should be very similar sudo zypper in cross-i386-binutils export ARCH=i386 ;time make LLVM=1 -j$(nproc) all CC='ccache clang' You can check that the binary is one of 32bits architecture with the file command $file arch/x86/boot/bzImage arch/x86/boot/bzImage: Linux kernel x86 boot executable, bzImage, version 6.16.0-rc1-dirty (jg@dell) #28 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Sat Oct ...